Agricultural Machinery and Application Analysis

Abstract: agriculture is the basic industry of national economy, and its development is deeply concerned by the state and society. With the development of economy and science and technology, agricultural production is gradually developing in the direction of mechanization. There are more and more types of agricultural machinery, and the farming efficiency is higher and higher. Combined with years of social research in agricultural production, the author talks about all kinds of agricultural machinery and its application.
Key words: farmland machinery, application
In recent years, the level of agricultural mechanization, the level of equipment and the level of farmland operation mechanization have increased steadily. Agricultural machinery plays an increasingly important role in agricultural production. The main contents of cultivated land operation include ploughing depth, broken soil and covering.
1.The important role of machinery in agricultural cultivated land
Agriculture is the basic industry of national economy. The development of agriculture is related to the survival and development of the whole nation. Mechanization of agricultural production directly affects the development level of agricultural productivity. Cultivated land is one of the most basic and important operation links in agricultural production. The main purpose of cultivated land is to deeply plough and turn over the soil to turn over the residue, diseases and insect pests of crops and the damaged surface soil, so that the soil which has not been damaged after a long time of recovery can be covered on the surface, and the loose soil can be compacted to the appropriate density for cultivation. So as to improve the growth environment of crops.
2. types and application of agricultural machinery
Up to now, the most commonly used farming machines in the world are escape plow, disc plow and chisel plow. In China’s agricultural production, the most commonly used plough is the evaluation plough. The other two kinds of ploughs have not yet reached the popularization level in China. The selection of agricultural machinery should follow certain principles, and have good soil turning and covering performance and good soil crushing performance; The ploughing depth should be uniform to avoid heavy ploughing and missed ploughing; Its farming machinery should be able to meet the farming requirements.
2.1 bell plow
Bell plow has been used in agriculture for a long time, and its technology is also the most mature. It has a wide range of operations and is deeply loved by working farmers. The bell plough is mainly composed of main plough body, ploughing depth adjusting device, supporting walking device and traction suspension device. Its core working part is the main plough body. The W-type plow completes the tillage task by cutting, breaking and turning the soil on the plow surface. According to the different requirements of agricultural production, different power equipment, soil, climate and other natural conditions, new types of Cambodia meeting different needs are derived, such as two-way plow, bar plow and high-speed plow. The plough body curved surface composed of plough bell and plough arm is mainly used for ploughing, breaking, cutting and turning the soil, so as to realize the exchange of surface soil layer and bottom soil layer. According to the performance and parameters of bell plow surface, plow surface can be divided into turning soil type, breaking soil type and general type. The plow body surface of turning soil type has smaller starting angle and gentle plough chest, and its wing twist degree is more obvious, so it can turn over the plow to the top of the surface more efficiently. Therefore, this kind of plough is mainly used to open up wasteland, eliminate weeds and diseases and insect pests. The breast of the broken soil type is steeper, and the wing is nearly upright, which is more suitable to press the soil Fort up and down to break. Therefore, this type of plough is more suitable for the farmland with better soil quality and less weeds.
2.2 disc plow
Disc plow is different from bell plow. It is a kind of farming machine with spherical disc as its working part. The disc plow mainly relies on its gravity to force into the soil. However, its performance in soil is not as good as that of companion plow, the friction of soil is small, and the ability of turning and covering is weak. However, its ability of cutting weeds is better than that of bell plow, and it is most suitable for use in wasteland reclamation and clay heavy soil. Its price is higher than that of bell plow. The disc plow is often connected with the tractor three-point suspension. When working, it uses the rotary motion of the Cambodian piece to plow the soil. It has the advantages of no grass, no backwater, flexible adjustment, strong and durable, and it can cut off the stems of crops and crush the broken bricks and stones in the soil.
2.3 chisel plow
Chisel plow is also called subsoiling plow. Its working part is a chisel tooth shaped subsoiling shovel, which is often installed on the beam behind the frame. Chisel shaped teeth crush soil by squeezing force, but chisel shaped plow has no turning ability. Subsoiler is mainly used to improve the structure of soil plough layer, accumulate water, improve soil fertility, break the hard plough bottom, thicken the loose soil layer and promote soil ripening. Different subsoilers can be divided into wing subsoiler, chisel subsoiler, vibration subsoiler and goose palm subsoiler according to their structure and operation performance. The subsoiler is mainly composed of subsoiling frame, subsoiling wheel, subsoiling shovel, upper suspension rod and upper suspension strut. Subsoiler is the most commonly used method in tillage. However, layered subsoiling is also used in tillage. The soil resistance of layered subsoiling is relatively small, which is more conducive to the quality assurance of tillage operation. When deep subsoiling, duck’s foot subsoiling shovel can be used first, and then chisel shovel can be used. The total tillage depth can reach 25 ~ 30cm, which is more conducive to breaking the limit of Cambodian bottom.
3. The first problem of popularizing agricultural machinery
The popularization of agricultural machinery in China is facing the biggest problem, that is, the correct operation and maintenance of the farmers. Nowadays, the reason why most farmers are not willing to use mechanical farming is that they can not operate and maintain the machinery, which is an urgent problem to be solved. To solve this problem, the agricultural machinery sales point should invite professional agricultural machinery use and maintenance personnel to explain the operation steps and correct maintenance methods to local farmers; We should continue to study the arable land machinery to reduce the cost of machinery and promote the popularization of agricultural mechanization.
4.Conclusion
Mechanization of agricultural production is an inevitable trend in China’s agricultural development. Bell plow, disc plow and chisel plow are agricultural production machinery that are being used or will be popularized in China. To realize mechanization of agricultural production, we need the joint efforts of agricultural science and technology personnel and the majority of working people.
reference
[1] Zhang Yingjun. Analysis of agricultural machinery and its application [. Biotechnology world, 2014 (12). [2] Huang Xinglun. Analysis of agricultural machinery and its application [Dao. Agriculture and technology, 2015 (18). [3] Wang Chunhua. Development and promotion of agricultural machinery J. quality and supervision of agricultural machinery, 2015 (10)
Agricultural Machinery and Application Analysis